9. Downtown/ Abroad/ Home

A. I have to go to downtown this afternoon.

B. My brother will be studying in abroad next summer.

C. What time do you go your home in the evening.

'Downtown' and 'abroad' are adverbs, and therefore do not take prepositions.

Downtown: "to or in the lower part of a city", "to or in the main business district"

Abroad: "to or in a foreign country"

(Already include prepositional ideas)

A.

B. noun expressions instead of "downtown" and "abroad": use prepositions

Example sentence: Nearby, Underground

A1OK, B1OK

NOTE I: adverbs=> no prepositions, adjective => prepositions.

Two example sentences: downtown, downtown Chicago.

NOTE II:

- Prepositional ideas in their meaning=> no prepositions

- Different from prepositional idea included in its meaning=> a preposition is needed.

This cheese imported from abroad.

Our library receives many magazines from abroad.

NOTE III: Home (confusing)

go home( adverb ), go to my home ( noun )

C1OK

10. Drunk/ Drunken

A. I'm sorry if I acted rudely last night. I was drunken.

B. There's a man standing on the street corner shouting strange things in a really loud voice. I think he must be drunken.

C. Last night I was so drunken that I couldn't find my way home.

D. I hate to go home after ten o'clock at night because there are so many drunk men riding on the subways and buses.

#1. drunk is the past participle of the verb, to drink

#2,#3,#4:  we use drunk as a predicate adjective.

(be, seem, look, become, act etc + drunk )

A1OK, B1OK, C1OK

#5 drunken is used as an attributive adjective.(drunken + noun)

drunkenly: adverb

#6 a person who is drunk or who often gets drunk is called a drunk or a drunkard.

D1OK, D2OK, D3OK

drunk: a)-c)

drunken: a)

NOTE: drunken( an attributive adjective) , one exception=> drunk driver

11. Enough

A. My son sis enough old to join the army.

B. He has money enough for a new house.

C. I'm sorry, but I have no enough time to help you with your homework.

enough: adequate or sufficient to meet a requirement or desire.

Mistakes in placing the word "enough".

I. 'Enough' is placed before nouns, pronouns, and gerunds.

1.-6.

II. 'Enough' is placed after adjectives and adverbs.

7.-10.

A1OK, B1OK

11a, 11b, 12a, 12b

III. 'Enough' in negative sentences

13.-17.

C1OK,

NOTE I: many exceptions

(OK)You will have time enough to rest after you retire from this company.

=>It is best for you to always follow the rule yourself in making your own sentences.

NOTE II:

'enough ___ to ____' is used before a verbal expression.

'enough ____ for ____' is used before noun expressions, pronouns, and adverbial expressions.

12. Familiar

A. That kind of music is not familiar with most Koreans.

B. I work in an international bank, so I'm familiar to foreign currency regulations.

C. I was really exhausted after that party because I'm not familiar to stay out late at night.

I. (A person) is familiar with (something)

= A person has a good knowledge of or is well acquainted with something.

1.-4.

II. (something) is familiar to (a person)

= Something is well known to someone; it is something with which someone is well acquainted.

5.-7.

III. 'Familiar' and 'Unfamiliar' can also be used without prepositions.

Familiar: common, usual, often encountered.

8.-11.

A1OK, B1OK, A2OK, B2OK

'familiar', 'unfamiliar', 'familiar with', and 'familiar to' are always associated with NOUNS and PRONOUNS.

Do not use the inifnitive of a verb after 'familiar'.

=> 'to be used to', 'to be accustomed to' + Gerund, Nouns, Pronouns

C1OK, C2OK

12.-13.

NOTE: familiar=> strong positive meaning but not always.

14.-15.